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Peter Mandelson Invokes Press Harassment Protections To Dodge Questions About His Support Of Jeffrey Epstein

Peter Mandelson—the former UK cabinet minister who was just sacked as Britain’s ambassador to the United States over newly revealed emails with Jeffrey Epstein—has found a novel way to avoid answering questions about why he told a convicted sex offender “your friends stay with you and love you” and urged him to “fight for early release.” He got the UK press regulator to send a memo to all UK media essentially telling them to leave him alone.

The National published what they describe as the “secret notice” that went out:

CONFIDENTIAL – STRICTLY NOT FOR PUBLICATION: Ipso has asked us to circulate the following advisory:

Ipso has today been contacted by a representative acting on behalf of Peter Mandelson.

Mr Mandelson’s representatives state that he does not wish to speak to the media at this time. He requests that the press do not take photos or film, approach, or contact him via phone, email, or in-person. His representatives ask that any requests for his comment are directed to [REDACTED]

We are happy to make editors aware of his request. We note the terms of Clause 2 (Privacy) and 3 (Harassment) of the Editors’ Code, and in particular that Clause 3 states that journalists must not persist in questioning, telephoning, pursuing or photographing individuals once asked to desist, unless justified in the public interest.

Clauses 2 and 3 of the UK Editor’s Code—the privacy and harassment provisions—exist primarily to protect genuinely vulnerable people from press intrusion. Grieving families. Crime victims. People suffering genuine harassment.

Mandelson is invoking them to avoid answering questions about his documented friendship with one of history’s most notorious pedophiles—a friendship so extensive and problematic that it just cost him his job as ambassador to the United States, days before a presidential state visit.

According to Politico, the UK Foreign Office withdrew Mandelson “with immediate effect” after emails showed the relationship was far deeper than previously known:

In a statement the U.K. Foreign Office said Mandelson had been withdrawn as ambassador “with immediate effect” after emails showed “the depth and extent” of his relationship with Epstein was “materially different from that known at the time of his appointment.”

“In particular Peter Mandelson’s suggestion that Jeffrey Epstein’s first conviction was wrongful and should be challenged is new information,” the statement added.

So we have a senior political figure who just got fired over revelations that he told a convicted sex offender his prosecution was “wrongful” and should be challenged, who maintained this friendship for years longer than he’d admitted, and his response is to invoke press harassment protections?

The notice does include the important qualifier “unless justified in the public interest.” And it’s hard to imagine a clearer case of public interest: a senior diplomat, just sacked from his post, over previously undisclosed communications with a convicted pedophile, in which he expressed support for challenging that pedophile’s conviction. If that’s not public interest, the term has no meaning.

But the mere act of circulating this notice creates a chilling effect. It puts journalists on notice that pursuing this story could result in complaints to the regulator. It’s using the machinery of press regulation as a shield against legitimate accountability journalism.

Now, to be fair, one could imagine scenarios where even a disgraced public figure might legitimately invoke harassment protections—it wasn’t that long ago there was a whole scandal in the UK with journalists hacking the voicemails of famous people. But that’s not what’s happening here. Mandelson is invoking these provisions to avoid being asked questions at all. “Please don’t inquire about why I told a convicted pedophile his prosecution was wrongful” is not the kind of harm these rules were designed to prevent.

This is who Mandelson has always been: someone who sees regulatory and governmental machinery as tools to be deployed on behalf of whoever he’s serving at the moment. Back in 2009, we covered how he returned from a vacation with entertainment industry mogul David Geffen and almost immediately started pushing for aggressive new copyright enforcement measures, including kicking people off the internet for file sharing. As we wrote at the time, he had what we called a “sudden conversion” to Hollywood’s position on internet enforcement that happened to coincide suspiciously with his socializing with entertainment industry executives.

Back then, the machinery was deployed to serve entertainment executives who wanted harsher copyright enforcement. Now it’s being deployed to serve Mandelson himself.

There’s a broader pattern here that goes beyond one UK politician. The Epstein revelations have been remarkable not just for what they’ve revealed about who associated with him, but for how consistently the response from the powerful has been to deflect, deny, and deploy every available mechanism to avoid genuine accountability. Some have used their media platforms to try to reshape the narrative. Some have simply refused to comment.

Mandelson is trying to use the press regulatory system itself.

It’s worth noting that The National chose to publish the “confidential – strictly not for publication” memo anyway, explicitly citing the public interest. Good for them. Because if there’s one thing that absolutely serves the public interest, it’s shining a light on attempts by the powerful to use the systems meant to protect the vulnerable as shields for their own accountability.

Mandelson’s representatives say he “does not wish to speak to the media at this time.” That’s his right to request—but no media should have to agree to his terms. Weaponizing press regulation to create a cone of silence around questions of obvious public interest is something else entirely. It’s elite impunity dressed up in the language of press ethics.

Indiana BMV bans trans people from correcting drivers licenses

The state of Indiana just banned trans people from updating the gender markers on their driver’s licenses.

Advocate reports that the state’s Bureau of Motor Vehicles added a small statement to its website on Monday saying that it will no longer allow people to change their gender on state IDs, even if they have a court order.

Related

Texas bans trans people from changing the gender markers on their licenses

The notice can be found by clicking through several webpages on the state’s BMV website:

Gender Change Rule Update

Effective Feb. 12, 2026, the BMV will no longer provide customers with the option to change their gender on their Indiana credential by using a court ordered gender change or physician statement per Amended Rule 140 Indiana Administrative Code section 7-1.1-3.

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Indiana has been rolling back transgender people’s rights for the past few years. In 2014, trans people were allowed to update the gender marker on their birth certificates with a court order. In March 2025, Gov. Mike Braun (R) signed an executive order banning the practice. The ACLU sued to stop the executive order.

In January 2020, the Indiana BMV stopped allowing people to choose an “X” gender marker on their driver’s licenses, after about a year of allowing it. Then-Attorney General Curtis Hill said that the BMV had overstepped its authority in allowing the nonbinary gender markers and said that “only the General Assembly” has the power to decide if nonbinary gender markers are allowed.

In 2023, then-Gov. Eric Holcomb (R) signed a ban on gender-affirming care for trans minors that also forced trans youth in the state to detransition if they were already receiving hormone therapy.

Holcomb vetoed a transgender sports ban in 2022, but the state legislature overrode his veto that year. The state expanded the ban to include college sports in 2025.

The Movement Advancement Project says that only three states – Texas, Tennessee, and Florida – completely ban trans people from updating the gender marker on state IDs.

Indiana Youth Group, an LGBTQ+ organization in the state, denounced the rule change.

“Denying people the ability to update the gender marker on their identification is not only discriminatory; it is dangerous,” they said in a statement. “In an increasingly hostile climate, mismatched identification can expose individuals to harassment, threats, and violence. It can also create serious barriers to employment, housing, and access to essential services.”

In 2020, a study from Drexel University found that transgender adults with gender-affirming IDs have better mental health than those whose IDs do not match their gender identity.

The study examined data provided by 22,286 trans adults in the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey and found that those with gender-affirming identification — such as passports and driver’s licenses — were 32% less likely to be classified as seriously psychologically distressed. They were also 22% less likely to have seriously considered suicide within the last year and 25% likely to have made a suicide plan within the last year.

“Having IDs that don’t reflect how you see yourself, and how you present yourself to the world, can be upsetting,” said lead researcher Ayden Scheim. “It can also potentially expose people to harassment, violence, and denial of service.”

“Having accurate identification should be a fundamental human right. While many of us take it for granted, obtaining IDs can be very difficult for trans people. This is an area where tangible and relatively simple policy changes could aid public health.”

If you or someone you know is struggling or in crisis, help is available. Call or text 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org. The Trans Lifeline (1-877-565-8860) is staffed by trans people and will not contact law enforcement. The Trevor Project provides a safe, judgement-free place to talk for youth via chat, text (678-678), or phone (1-866-488-7386). Help is available at all three resources in English and Spanish.

Subscribe to the LGBTQ Nation newsletter and be the first to know about the latest headlines shaping LGBTQ+ communities worldwide.

Linus Torvalds Rejects MMC Changes For Linux 7.0 Cycle: "Complete Garbage"

The Linux MultiMediaCard "MMC" subsystem was set to see some new hardware support, optimized support for secure erase/trim on some eMMCs, and a variety of other improvements. But all of the MMC changes are rejected and will be for the duration of the Linux 7.0 cycle due to an apparent lack of testing and vetting via linux-next that led Linus Torvalds to calling it "complete garbage" and "untested crap"...

OpenClaw : comment un agent IA « vibe-codé » en quelques semaines a exposé 135 000 machines à internet et redéfini la notion de catastrophe sécuritaire en 2026

OpenClaw, un agent IA open source "vibe-codé" en quelques semaines, a exposé 135 000 machines à internet avec des failles critiques, des plugins malveillants et une config par défaut à la ramasse. 45% des instances tournent chez Alibaba Cloud, surtout en Chine, avec des tokens et clés API accessibles en clair, des exécutions de code à distance en un clic, et des skills transformés en malware déguisé 😬.

Archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260211224553/https://intelligence-artificielle.developpez.com/actu/380148/OpenClaw-comment-un-agent-IA-vibe-code-en-quelques-semaines-a-expose-135-000-machines-a-internet-et-redefini-la-notion-de-catastrophe-securitaire-en-2026/


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lucasgelfond/zerobrew: A drop-in, x faster, experimental Homebrew alternative

Un dev a pondu zerobrew, un remplaçant de Homebrew 5 à 20x plus rapide qui pompe les mêmes paquets mais avec un cache agressif et du parallélisme. Ça marche déjà pour la plupart des trucs, mais c'est encore expérimental. curl -sSL https://zerobrew.rs/install | bash pour tester, et si ça plante, y a un Discord. 🚀

Thread HN: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46760609

Archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260208205809/https://github.com/lucasgelfond/zerobrew


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ricardodantas/hazelnut: 🌰 Terminal-based automated file organizer inspired by Hazel. Watch folders and organize files with rules.

Un outil en Rust pour organiser automatiquement ses fichiers depuis le terminal avec des règles personnalisables, comme Hazel mais en plus geek et sans interface graphique inutile 🌰

Archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260211194311/https://github.com/ricardodantas/hazelnut


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DIY Wall-Plotter Does Generative Art, But Not As We Know It

[Teddy Warner]’s GPenT (Generative Pen-trained Transformer) project is a wall-mounted polargraph that makes plotter art, but there’s a whole lot more going on than one might think. This project was partly born from [Teddy]’s ideas about how to use aspects of machine learning in ways that were really never intended. What resulted is a wall-mounted pen plotter that offers a load of different ‘generators’ — ways to create line art — that range from procedural patterns, to image uploads, to the titular machine learning shenanigans.

There are loads of different ways to represent images with lines, and this project helps explore them.

Want to see the capabilities for yourself? There’s a publicly accessible version of the plotter interface that lets one play with the different generators. The public instance is not connected to a physical plotter, but one can still generate and preview plots, and download the resulting SVG file or G-code.

Most of the generators do not involve machine learning, but the unusual generative angle is well-represented by two of them: dcode and GPenT.

dcode is a diffusion model that, instead of converting a text prompt into an image, has been trained to convert text directly into G-code. It’s very much a square peg in a round hole. Visually it’s perhaps not the most exciting, but as a concept it’s fascinating.

The titular GPenT works like this: give it a scrap of text inspiration (a seed, if you will), and that becomes a combination of other generators and parameters, machine-selected and stacked with one another to produce a final composition. The results are unique, to say the least.

Once the generators make something, the framed and wall-mounted plotter turns it into physical lines on paper. Watch the system’s first plot happen in the video, embedded below under the page break.

This is a monster of a project representing a custom CNC pen plotter, a frame to hold it, and the whole software pipeline both for the CNC machine as well as generating what it plots. Of course, the journey involved a few false starts and dead ends, but they’re all pretty interesting. The plotter’s GitHub repository combined with [Teddy]’s write up has all the details one may need.

It’s also one of those years-in-the-making projects that ultimately got finished and, we think, doing so led to a bit of a sigh of relief on [Teddy]’s part. Most of us have unfinished projects, and if you have one that’s being a bit of a drag, we’d like to remind you that you don’t necessarily have to finish-finish a project to get it off your plate. We have some solid advice on how to (productively) let go.

Omelet You Cook Free Download (v1.0.2)

Omelet You Cook Free Download PC Game Cracked in Direct Link and Torrent. Omelet You Cook – The cozy chaotic cooking roguelike. Assemble omelets for quirky students using ingredients from a conveyor belt. Discover wacky combinations to satisfy the…

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CRACKEDFREE DOWNLOADTORRENT


Game Overview


 

developer Developer: Dan Schumacher, Hjalte Tagmose

developer Publisher: SchuBox Games

release date Release Date: 8 Feb, 2026

genre Genre: Strategy, Casual, Action

 

Omelet You Cook is a cozy chaotic roguelike where your cooking skills are put to the test!

Create the perfect omelet by combining ingredients to meet the demands of quirky customers. Each round brings new hazards, restrictions, and ever-increasing score thresholds that will push your culinary creativity to its limits.

Every customer has a distinct personality and unique tastes, so you’ll need to stay versatile and adjust your recipes on the fly. One minute you’re crafting a classic bell pepper and bacon omelet, and the next you’re tossing in donuts, pickles and pineapple. Keep your cool and keep those omelets coming!

Omelet You Cook is created by two indie devs and draws inspiration from beloved arcade roguelikes like Balatro, Luck Be a Landlord, and Ballionaire.

Feature List:

🐔 70+ customers that shake up every run

Omelet You Cook Torrent Download

🥓 140+ delicious (and sometimes ridiculous) ingredients

🧂 90+ synergy-enabling helpers

🧀 A shop to expand your culinary arsenal

🥑 Unlockable ingredients

🌶 5 difficulties to progress through

🥗 13 pantries with different starting ingredient combinations

Think you’ve got what it takes to become an overworked cafeteria worker? Alright then; Omelet You Cook.

Omelet You Cook PC Crack


DOWNLOAD LINKS


All links are interchangeable, you can download different parts on different hosts
Request a game or request re-upload, visit Game Request
If you need help a problem, visit F.A.Q

 

Link Omelet You Cook TORRENT:
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Link SendCM:
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Link Clicknupload:
Uploading…

 

 

(See instructions if you don't know how to install: Instructions on how to install)

1.  Extract/Install.
2.  Crack if needed.
3.  Play game.
4.  Have fun ^^.
5.  (OPTION) Install the update version if they have the future in the link below:

 


System Requirement


 

Minimum:

  • OS *: Windows 7 or above
  • Processor: i3 or equivalent
  • Graphics: GPU with at least 2 GB of VRAM
  • Storage: 51 MB available space

The post Omelet You Cook Free Download (v1.0.2) appeared first on Install Guide Games.

CiniCross Free Download

CiniCross Free Download PC Game Cracked in Direct Link and Torrent. CiniCross is a dark fantasy roguelite where nonogram puzzles meet dungeon crawling. Solve increasingly complex puzzles, choose your path through a branching dungeon, and bend the…

CiniCross Free Download

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Game Overview


 

developer Developer: Hydrobates

developer Publisher: Hydrobates

release date Release Date: 11 Feb, 2026

genre Genre: Puzzle, Strategy, Casual

 

CiniCross is a dark fantasy roguelite built around nonogram puzzles (also known as Griddlers).

Descend into a cursed dungeon where every puzzle solved brings you closer to powerful enemies, and greater rewards.

Increasing difficulty

The deeper you go into the dungeon, the more complex the puzzles become.

Solve procedurally generated nonograms of various grid sizes from 5×5 to 20×20. Risk grows with depth, but so do the rewards.

Face powerful bosses in procedurally generated dungeons

Each floor offers multiple paths, all leading to a deadly boss.

Every boss has a unique power that forces you to adapt your strategy and rethink how you approach nonograms. Along the way, discover shops, campfires, and other locations to aid your journey.

Use the power of artifacts and items

Collect powerful artifacts and items that change how you play. Automatically fill columns, increase rewards, slow down time, and more.

CiniCross Torrent Download

Combine their effects to create devastating synergies during your run.

Perish and retry

Every mistake, every wasted second comes at a cost.

Death is inevitable, but each run is a new opportunity. Start over, gather new treasures, refine your strategy, and manage your time carefully to go further than before.

CiniCross PC Crack


DOWNLOAD LINKS


All links are interchangeable, you can download different parts on different hosts
Request a game or request re-upload, visit Game Request
If you need help a problem, visit F.A.Q

 

Link CiniCross TORRENT:
Download CiniCross Torrent Link

 

Link MegaUp.net:
Download HERE

 

Link Mega.nz:
Download HERE

 

Link 1Fichier:
Download HERE

 

Link GoFile:
Download HERE

 

Link MixDrop:
Download HERE

 

Link Rapidgator:
Download HERE

 

Link Bowfile:
Download HERE

 

Link SendCM:
Download HERE

 

Link Clicknupload:
Uploading…

 

 

(See instructions if you don't know how to install: Instructions on how to install)

1.  Extract/Install.
2.  Crack if needed.
3.  Play game.
4.  Have fun ^^.
5.  (OPTION) Install the update version if they have the future in the link below:

 


System Requirement


 

Minimum:

  • OS: Windows 10
  • Processor: 2 GHz dual-core processor
  • Memory: 4 GB RAM
  • Graphics: 1Gb Video Memory
  • Storage: 500 MB available space

Recommended:

  • OS: Windows 10
  • Memory: 8 GB RAM
  • DirectX: Version 12

The post CiniCross Free Download appeared first on Install Guide Games.

Starsand Island Free Download

Starsand Island Free Download PC Game Cracked in Direct Link and Torrent. Starsand Island – Tired of the city grind? Escape to Starsand Island and embrace the simple joys of country life! Live alongside capybaras, cats, and dogs, reel in a big catch,…

Starsand Island Free Download

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Game Overview


 

developer Developer: Seed Sparkle Lab

developer Publisher: Seed Sparkle Lab

release date Release Date: 11 Feb, 2026

genre Genre: RPG, Building, Casual, Simulation, Anime

 

Join the Starsand Island community and stay up to date on the latest development!

Discord: Search for “Starsand Island”

Tired of the city grind? Return to the warm embrace of Starsand Island, a radiant jewel adrift in the ocean’s expanse. Enjoy a relaxed, pastoral life: hang out with adorable capybaras, cats, and dogs, celebrate bountiful catches, explore the mysterious Moonlit Forest, or simply soak up the island’s natural beauty. Leave the urban rush behind and rediscover life’s simple pleasures in this seaside paradise.

Live in Harmony with Nature

Grow tropical fruits and vegetables on your own farm, make lasting friends with adorable animals, and create a countryside villa on the island’s terrain. Decorate cascading terrace gardens and shape the landscape. Every corner of the island is yours to explore.

Freedom to Roam

Starsand Island Torrent Download

Glide along pristine coastlines on a longboard, zip through lush forests on a retro scooter, or sail to uncover the secrets of nearby islands. With a variety of vehicles, enjoy the thrill of speed or cruise the iconic coastal highway and take in the island’s breathtaking scenery at your own pace.

Heartwarming Bonds with Islanders

On this close-knit island, every resident has a story to tell. Build lasting friendships through daily interactions and special quests. As your connections grow, you might even find that special someone to share your island life with.

Uncover the Island’s Mysteries

Explore the foggy depths of the island where rich mineral veins, rare treasures, and mysterious ancient ruins await. Learn and use combat skills to battle strange creatures, each encounter full of surprises you won’t see coming.

Starsand Island PC Crack


DOWNLOAD LINKS


All links are interchangeable, you can download different parts on different hosts
Request a game or request re-upload, visit Game Request
If you need help a problem, visit F.A.Q

 

Link Starsand Island TORRENT:
Download Starsand Island Torrent Link

 

Link MegaUp.net:
Download HERE

 

Link Mega.nz:
Download HERE

 

Link 1Fichier:
Download HERE

 

Link GoFile:
Download HERE

 

Link MixDrop:
Download HERE

 

Link Rapidgator:
Download HERE

 

Link Bowfile:
Download HERE

 

Link SendCM:
Download HERE

 

Link Clicknupload:
Uploading…

 

 

(See instructions if you don't know how to install: Instructions on how to install)

1.  Extract/Install.
2.  Crack if needed.
3.  Play game.
4.  Have fun ^^.
5.  (OPTION) Install the update version if they have the future in the link below:

 


System Requirement


 

Minimum:

  • Requires a 64-bit processor and operating system
  • OS: Windows 10 or later
  • Processor: Intel i3-2120 or similar
  • Memory: 8 GB RAM
  • Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 or similar
  • DirectX: Version 11
  • Network: Broadband Internet connection
  • Storage: 20 GB available space

Recommended:

  • Requires a 64-bit processor and operating system
  • OS: Windows 10 or later
  • Processor: Intel i7-8700K or similar
  • Memory: 16 GB RAM
  • Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 or similar
  • DirectX: Version 11
  • Network: Broadband Internet connection
  • Storage: 20 GB available space

The post Starsand Island Free Download appeared first on Install Guide Games.

PlayStation 2 Recompilation Project Is Absolutely Incredible

Un projet open source recompile les jeux PS2 pour les faire tourner nativement sur PC au lieu de les émuler, avec moins de bugs et plus de perf. Ça pourrait ressusciter des classiques comme MGS2 ou God of War en versions "modernisées" sans dépendre d'un émulateur qui rame ou casse la physique.

Thread HN: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46814743

Archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260131030349/https://redgamingtech.com/playstation-2-recompilation-project-is-absolutely-incredible/


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The Policy Risk Of Closing Off New Paths To Value Too Early

Artificial intelligence promises to change not just how Americans work, but how societies decide which kinds of work are worthwhile in the first place. When technological change outpaces social judgment, a major capacity of a sophisticated society comes under pressure: the ability to sustain forms of work whose value is not obvious in advance and cannot be justified by necessity alone.

As AI systems diffuse rapidly across the economy, questions about how societies legitimate such work, and how these activities can serve as a supplement to market-based job creation, have taken on a policy relevance that deserves serious attention.

From Prayer to Platforms

That capacity for legitimating work has historically depended in part on how societies deploy economic surplus: the share of resources that can be devoted to activities not strictly required for material survival. In late medieval England, for example, many in the orbit of the church made at least part of their living performing spiritual labor such as saying prayers for the dead and requesting intercessions for patrons. In a society where salvation was a widely shared concern, such activities were broadly accepted as legitimate ways to make a living.

William Langland was one such prayer-sayer. He is known to history only because, unlike nearly all others who did similar work, he left behind a long allegorical religious poem, Piers Plowman, which he composed and repeatedly revised alongside the devotional labor that sustained him. It emerged from the same moral and institutional world in which paid prayer could legitimately absorb time, effort, and resources.

In 21st-century America, Jenny Nicholson earns a sizeable income sitting alone in front of a camera, producing long-form video essays on theme parks, films, and internet subcultures. Yet her audience supports it willingly and few doubt that it creates value of a kind. Where Langland’s livelihood depended on shared theological and moral authority emanating from a Church that was the dominant institution of its day, Nicholson’s depends on a different but equally real form of judgment expressed by individual market participants. And she is just one example of a broader class of creators—streamers, influencers, and professional gamers—whose work would have been unintelligible as a profession until recently.

What links Langland and Nicholson is not the substance of their work or any claim of moral equivalence, but the shared social judgment that certain activities are legitimate uses of economic surplus. Such judgments do more than reflect cultural taste. Historically, they have also shaped how societies adjust to technological change, by determining which forms of work can plausibly claim support when productivity rises faster than what is considered a “necessity” by society.

How Change Gets Absorbed

Technological change has long been understood to generate economic adjustment through familiar mechanisms: by creating new tasks within firms, expanding demand for improved goods and services, and recombining labor in complementary ways. Often, these mechanisms alone can explain how economies create new jobs when technology renders others obsolete. Their operation is well documented, and policies that reduce frictions in these processes—encouraging retraining or easing the entry of innovative firms—remain important in any period of change.

That said, there is no general law guaranteeing that new technologies will create more jobs than they destroy through these mechanisms alone. Alongside labor-market adjustment, societies have also adapted by legitimating new forms of value—activities like those undertaken by Langland and Nicholson—that came to be supported as worthwhile uses of the surplus generated by rising productivity.

This process has typically been examined not as a mechanism of economic adjustment, but through a critical or moralizing lens. From Thorstein Veblen’s account of conspicuous consumption, which treats surplus-supported activity primarily as a vehicle for status competition, to Max Weber’s analysis of how moral and religious worldviews legitimate economic behavior, scholars have often emphasized the symbolic and ideological dimensions of non-essential work. Herbert Marcuse pushed this line of thinking further, arguing that capitalist societies manufacture “false needs” to absorb surplus and assure the continuation of power imbalances. These perspectives offer real insight: uses of surplus are not morally neutral, and new forms of value can be entangled with power, hierarchy, and exclusion.

What they often exclude, however, is the way legitimation of new forms of value can also function to allow societies to absorb technological change without requiring increases in productivity to be translated immediately into conventional employment or consumption. New and expanded ways of using surplus are, in this sense, a critical economic safety valve during periods of rapid change.

Skilled Labor Has Been Here Before

Fears that artificial intelligence is uniquely threatening simply because it reaches into professional or cognitive domains rest on a mistaken historical premise. Episodes of large-scale technological displacement have rarely spared skilled or high-paid forms of labor; often, such work has been among the first affected. The mechanization of craft production in the nineteenth century displaced skilled cobblers, coopers, and blacksmiths, replacing independent artisans with factory systems that required fewer skills, paid lower wages, and offered less autonomy even as new skilled jobs arose elsewhere. These changes were disruptive but they were absorbed largely through falling prices, rising consumption, and new patterns of employment. They did not require societies to reconsider what kinds of activity were worthy uses of surplus: the same things were still produced, just at scale.

Other episodes are more revealing for present purposes. Sometimes, social change has unsettled not just particular occupations but entire regimes through which uses of surplus become legitimate. In medieval Europe, the Church was the one of the largest economic institutions just about everywhere, clerical and quasi-clerical roles like Langland’s offered recognized paths to education, security, status, and even wealth. When those shared beliefs fractured, the Church’s economic role contracted sharply—not because productivity gains ceased but because its claim on so large a share of surplus lost legitimacy.

To date, artificial intelligence has not produced large-scale job displacement, and the limited disruptions that have occurred have largely been absorbed through familiar adjustment mechanisms. But if AI systems begin to substitute for work whose value is justified less by necessity than by judgment or cultural recognition, the more relevant historical analogue may be less the mechanization of craft than the narrowing or collapse of earlier surplus regimes. The central question such technologies raise is not whether skilled labor can be displaced or whether large-scale displacement is possible—both have occurred repeatedly in the historical record—but how quickly societies can renegotiate which activities they are prepared to treat as legitimate uses of surplus when change arrives at unusual speed.

Time Compression and its Stakes

In this respect, artificial intelligence does appear unusual. Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT have diffused through society at a pace far faster than most earlier general-purpose technologies. ChatGPT was widely reported to have reached roughly 100 million users within two months of its public release and similar tools have shown comparably rapid uptake.

That compression matters. Much surplus has historically flowed through familiar institutions—universities, churches, museums, and other cultural bodies—that legitimate activities whose value lies in learning, spiritual rewards or meaning rather than immediate output. Yet such institutions are not fixed. Periods of rapid technological change often place them under strain–something evident today for many–exposing disagreements about purpose and authority. Under these conditions, experimentation with new forms of surplus becomes more important, not less. Most proposed new forms of value fail, and attempts to predict which will succeed have a poor historical record—from the South Sea Bubble to more recent efforts to anoint digital assets like NFTs as durable sources of wealth. Experimentation is not a guarantee of success; it is a hedge. Not all claims on surplus are benign, and waste is not harmless. But when technological change moves faster than institutional consensus, the greater danger often lies not in tolerating too many experiments, but in foreclosing them too quickly.

Artificial intelligence does not require discarding all existing theories of change. What sets modern times apart is the speed with which new capabilities become widespread, shortening the interval in which those judgments are formed. In this context, surplus that once supported meaningful, if unconventional, work may instead be captured by grifters, legally barred from legitimacy (by say, outlawing a new art form) or funneled into bubbles. The risk is not waste alone, but the erosion of the cultural and institutional buffers that make adaptation possible.

The challenge for policymakers is not to pre-ordain which new forms of value deserve support but to protect the space in which judgment can evolve. They need to realize that they simply cannot make the world entirely safe, legible and predictable: whether they fear technology overall or simply seek to shape it in the “right” way, they will not be able to predict the future. That means tolerating ambiguity and accepting that many experiments will fail with negative consequences. In this context, broader social barriers that prevent innovation in any field–professional licensing, limits on free expression, overly zealous IP laws, regulatory bars on the entry to small firms–deserve a great deal of scrutiny. Even if the particular barriers in question have nothing to do with AI itself, they may retard the development of surplus sinks necessary to economic adjustment. In a period of compressed adjustment, the capacity to let surplus breathe and value be contested may well determine whether economies bend or break.

Eli Lehrer is the President of the R Street Institute.

Stackmon – Beta Sign Up

Stackmon is a creature-collecting adventure with a unique card-stacking twist featuring over 100 powerful creatures to discover.

In Stackmon, you’ll drag and drop creatures, resources, and items onto each other to form powerful combinations. Use your Stackmon to gather materials, craft items, automate tasks, and battle other Stackmon. Grow and customize your Harmony base with 25+ buildings to unlock new recipes, upgrades, and abilities.… Read More

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DiceVaders – Open Beta

DiceVaders is a roguelike dice game where you build an army of alien invaders to conquer Earth.

Set in the StarVaders universe, in DiceVaders your suns have been destroyed by humanity. The only way for your species to survive is joining forces with other aliens, building your army, and traveling back in time for invasion. Draft from over 50 different invaders with unique abilities and … Read More

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